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Mauritius General Information

Mauritius Information: General | North | South | East | West | Center | Capital
 
Physical: Introduction ,Geography, Climate, History, Beaches
People: Language, Food & Cuisine, Population, Religions, Society

Fomalities: Getting there, Visas, Money, Health, Customs

Advices: Do's & Dont's, Dress Code, Security, Driving

Tips: Taxi Drivers, Beach Hawkers

Miscellaneous: Working Hours, Electricity, Posts & Telecommunication
 
 
GEOGRAPHY & POLITICAL REGIME

^

Mauritius is a volcanic island situated in the Indian Ocean far off the west coasts of Madagascar, by 20.30 degrees South and 57 degrees East. Mauritius is part of the "Macarena" islands Its area is of 2,040 Km2 and is surrounded by coral reefs and lagoons..

Mauritius has the status of an independent republic with a democratic regime based on the Westminster model. The main political parties adopt a modern socialism ideology, that is with a pinch of capitalism.

With a population of 1,200,000, Mauritius is an over-populated island with inhabitants from several origins. (See "Population" below.)




Mauritius / Ile Maurice
The economy, relying on sugar and textiles exports, and now on the tourism industry, is healthy as compared to the majority of African countries but with a low growth rate. The infrastructures are fairly developed with good roads and telephone network. The electricity and water supplies are less reliable.

Mauritius is a reliable and safe destination, well organised to receive the average 800,000 visitors yearly.

 
LANGUAGES
^

Creole language, a simplified mix of French with English, is the common language linking all the communities together. Otherwise, French is widely spoken but the official language is English. In many homes and among peers, different Indian or Chinese dialects are spoken.
 
CLIMATE
^

Mauritius has a tropical climate with more rain in summer than in winter. Generally hot (27 to 37 °C in summer) and very humid (above 80 %) with a high rainfall, Mauritius has microclimates; the high grounds are cooler (av. 22oC) and much wetter (5,000 mm / year) than the coastal regions (1,000 mm / year).

Tropical cyclones occur in the warmest months of December to March. These very months are where the climate is fine for holidaymakers staying near the sea but can be very uncomfortable when moving around the island. The sea temperature is very pleasant during these months, between 25 and 29°C.

Most Mauritians prefer the winter period, as it is fresher and dryer, especially at night. The sun is also more bearable allowing long expositions, which is not recommended during summer. The sea in winter remains pleasant (around 22°C.)

 
HOW TO GET THERE
^

There are several daily flights from Europe, Africa and from the neighbouring countries and two direct flights per week from Australia. From the American continent, the best connections are via European airports. Most flights are provided by national companies, namely Air Mauritius. With the actual determination to further develop the tourism industry, private airlines such as Corsair (France) or Virgin Airlines (U.K.) just to name a few are landing in Mauritius as from 2006.
 
VISAS & FORMALITIES
^

Those holding a passport from the following countries and entering the Mauritian territory for holiday purposes and for a maximum period of 3 months, DO NOT REQUIRE VISAS.


Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bardabos, Belgium, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Darussalam, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominica, Finland, France, Gambia, Germany (United), Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guyana, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Monaco, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Papua, New Guinea, Portugal, Qatar, Samoa (Western), San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, St. Christopher, and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent & Grenadines, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad, & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom (and dependent territories), United States of America, Vanuatu, Vatican, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

In addition, visas are NOT REQUIRED for those transiting in Mauritius as long as the transit time does not exceed 72 hours.

Those holding passports from countries that are not listed above should take counsel with a travel agency or contact the Mauritian consulate or embassy in their country. In some case, visas need to be obtained prior to departure, in other cases, visas can be delivered on arrival. In any case, all passports must have a minimum validity of 6 months after scheduled date of departure.
 
MONEY
^

Most international currencies are accepted at Mauritian counters but the Mauritian Rupee cannot be traded in any country except occasionally in South Africa and India. Indicative bank rates are proposed in the grid below; rates in hotels are generally higher:

Visa and Mastercard credit cards are accepted almost everywhere, while Diners Club and American Express are accepted in hotels and only in some other places. Automatic tellers are available and in good working condition in almost every village.

Indicative Exchange Rates are as follows:

Mauritius Indicative Exchange Rates
 
HEALTH
^

There are no severe transmissible viruses such as TB or Malarya in Mauritius except for certain rare cases picked up on some frequent travellers. No vaccination is required. The health services are very efficient and closely monitor the arrivals and departures.

The Chikungunya virus has spread out in early 2006, to an extent which is still unknown as official figures differ widely from the rumours. It is certain that the extent was large, causing a sharp drop in tourist arrivals in March and April 2006. As the virus is vectored by a specific type of mosquito, the outbreak gets naturally reduced during the winter (drier) months of May to November. A vast fumigation campaign has been initialised and is being carried out regularly during the winter months, with the aim to completely eradicate the virus.

Mauritians consume tap water and skinless fresh fruits every day, as they are safe. This does not mean that they do not cause diseases, mainly the runs or the “turista” to those who are not yet immune.

For a more comfortable stay, drink only mineral water and accept ice only while in hotels and restaurants treating tap water. Street foods are often the best deals and the tastiest. However, they are not always hygienic and often cause diseases.

Conditions in public hospitals are appalling when compared to European standards but the emergency services are doing fine. The private clinics are generally of good level.

 
WORKING HOURS
^

Offices are open either from 8.30 to 4.00, Monday to Friday and from 9.00 to 12.00 on Saturdays, or, from 8.30 to 5.00 Monday to Friday.

Shops including chemists open at 9.00 Monday to Saturday and close at different times depending on the region.

In Port Louis at 5.00, in Curepipe and other residential towns at 6.00 except on Thursdays where they close at 12.00. Shops in Port Louis close at 12.00 on Saturdays.

Supermarkets and grocery stores open at7.30 or 8.00 and close at 7.00.

Banks are open from 9.00 to 3.50 from Monday to Thursday and close at 5.00 on Fridays.

The Bureau de Change are open on Sundays.
 
ELECTRICITY
^

Electricity is 220 Volts… most of the time.
 
POST & TELECOMMUNICATION
^

Post offices are present in all villages and an airmail would take less than a week to reach destination in Europe, or less than 10 days to the American continent.

The telephone network of Mauritius is well developed and reliable; phone booths can be found almost everywhere. Same applies to the cellular phones where two companies have erected reliable networks.


Mauritius / Ile Maurice
Telephones can be rented on arrival and roaming agreements exist. International access is automatic.

Internet is quite widely used by hotels and individuals, however there are few internet cafes around. Most hotels offer business centres or at least e-mail services.
 
FOOD & CUISINE
^

To the image of the multi-cultural or rather multi-ethnical richness of Mauritius, the Mauritian food and cuisine reveals its cultural influences and the shy beginning of interbreeding, to the point that one same dish can be classified as Creole, Mauritian or Indian. The traditional base of Mauritian cuisine is definitely the curries and “rougailles” but instead of cooking and serving it the Indian way, they are simplified and commonly served with white rice and other beans.

Mauritians of all origins have definitely adopted this combination in their everyday food and for many Mauritians of European origin it is the traditional Sunday treat that is looked forward to.

Mauritius / Ile Maurice
 
INTRODUCTION
^

"In Mauritius we cultivate sugar cane and prejudices", Malcolm de Chazal (1902-1981).

This sentence from the 60’s is the best short description of Mauritius and remains valid four decades later although to a lesser extent. It may take a visitor a few months to find out about the prejudices, but it takes a two-minutes drive from the airport to find about the sugar cane.

Sugar cane is not only physically all over the place, but is present in every aspect of the history, economy, society, culture and mentalities of Mauritius.

First introduced by the Dutch in 1639, the importance of sugar cane has grown wider and wider until the last two decades where other industries mainly clothing manufacturing, tourism as well as a fast development of the domestic activity, has opened new horizons to Mauritius and its population. The visitor may keep this in mind during one’s stay in Mauritius as it may help to better understand the country and its people.



Mauritius / Ile Maurice


Sugar cane
is greatly responsible for the cutting down of hundreds of thousands of trees and for the fact that the sugar cane hedges on each side of the roads restrict the views. It is responsible for creating enough interest to the former French and British colonialists to maintain the island and even fight for it. For the cultivation of sugar cane, slaves from Madagascar and Africa and later, field workers from India had to be brought to the island creating today’s multi ethnic society.

Sugar cane is responsible for having created enough wealth, at least to the landlords, allowing the Mauritius of the 21st century to be partly and relatively independent to foreign capital. On the other hand, it has for long, caused an imbalanced wealth distribution, typical of colonial times. To day wealth and power has spread among all the different ethnics of Mauritius but the gap remains.

Just like the entrepreneurs of the Textiles industry, the "Sugar barons" have, till now enjoyed preferential exports regimes, first for being part of the "Commonwealth", then due to the ACP trade agreement. It is only in 2006 that all protections are being waived, placing high challenges to the Mauritian economy in the coming years, making tourism and the I.C.T. the sectors in which all hopes are placed. This comfortable protection has helped the development of a highly conservative society in many ways. Visitors might get surprised by some unpredictable and unexplained conservative reactions when dealing with Mauritians

It is with this fact of history in mind that you will better understand the actual social structure of Mauritius and realise that it is a proper developing country with several challenges coming forward.

 
HISTORY
^

Mauritius
has never been a colony in real terms, as it was originally inhabited.

10th century: The Arab navigators call in Mauritius several times while exploring the regions off their costs.

1500. Portuguese “discover” the island and calls it “Ilha do Cirne” (Swan Island) and abandon it later.

1512. In turn, the British sailors discovered the island.

Mauritius / Ile Maurice

1598. The Dutch take over the island and call it “Mauritius” in honour of Maurits van Nassau, governor of the Orange state in Southern Africa.

1638. After having used the island on and off for repairing ships and as temporary shelter for their fleets the first Dutch settlers arrive in Mauritius to create a colony.

1639. Introduction of the sugar cane.

1658. The Dutch abandon the island.

1664. The Dutch come back for another try.

1710. The Dutch abandon the island definitely, after having destroyed a vast amount of ebony trees and the Dodo and leaving behind sugar cane plants, coconut trees, dears from Java, cows, pigs, hens, and…the stray dogs, one of the peculiarities of Mauritius.

1715. The French take over the island and name it “Isle de France.”

1719. The king Louis XV concedes the island to the almighty “Compagnie des Indes.”

1721. Arrival of the first French settlers.

1735. Arrival of “Mahé de Labourdonnais,” as Governor of the island for the account of the “Compagnie des Indes.”

1735. Mahé de Labourdonnais decides to develop Port Louis as main port and administrative centre.

1745. The first export orientated sugar mills are created. Although the sugar cane was introduced since 1639, it was mostly used for the making of spirits greatly appreciated by the sailors. The sugar production was mainly for the local consumption and for the crews.

1764. The “Compagnie des Indes” going bankrupt, Louis XV buys back the island.

1767. Arrival of the first royal officers acting as governors.

1790. The settlers learn with great pleasure about the French revolution.

1792. The revolutionary French authority orders the abolition of slavery. The Settlers refuse to abide leading to a breach of relationships with the French government.

1800. Witnessing a great English activity in the whole Indian Ocean, the settlers ask the Napoleon administration for protection against the invaders.


1803. Arrival of Decaen and the creation of a Military authority. Decaen came up with an anti-revolutionary plan where the practice of slavery was no more an offence and re-established the former racial segregation between whites and others. On the other hand, Decaen allowed the runaway slaves to live freely and supported the observance of religions other than Christianity, such as the Tamil, Hindu and Muslim religions.

1810. The great “Vieux Grand Port” naval battle took place. This battle is famous as it was the only naval battle won by the French over the English.

Mauritius / Ile Maurice


1810. Despite the outcome of the “Vieux Grand Port” battle, the English strike again, this time landing in Cap-Malheureux and take over the defenceless Island. The capitulation occurred overnight as both the French and English had the means to open a fight. The French agreed to surrender conditionally that the French settlers could keep their land, belongings, status and culture. It is for this reason that to day, French is more widely spoken in Mauritius while the official language is English since 1832.

1810. The Island takes its definite name of Mauritius.

1835. Abolition of slavery.

1864 – 1929. Mauritius follows the Industrial revolution and sets its first railway receives its first car and discovers the telephone and electricity.

1929. Economic crisis due to the development of sweet beetroot sugar in Europe.

1934. Creation of the Mauritian Rupee.

1936. The creation of the first political (labour) party.

1937. The first strike takes place where field workers fight the landlords and the state makes the use of troops to re-establish law and order.

1941. Building of the Plaisance airport for the use of the RAF.

1947. First passenger flight from France lands in Mauritius after a three-day trip.

1948. The Labour party wins the first election.

1959. Sir. Seewoosagar Ramgoolam with the labour party wins the first open election.

1963. Sir. Seewoosagar Ramgoolam wins again this time as leader of the labour party, marking the definitive take-over of the political scene by the Hindus.

1967. The Mauritians opt for Independence proposed by the Labour party.

1968. While the past year saw many fights and resistance from the anti-independent Franco Mauritians, more ethnic fights occur namely between the Creoles and the Muslims.

1968. The independence nonetheless takes effect.

1992. Mauritius achieves the status of Republic. The governor, representative of the Queen of England, is named President of the Republic.

 
POPULATION
^

Mauritius
is among the most over populated countries with nearly 600 people per Km2. The population of Mauritius consists of several ethnics, religions and cultures. While in some cases one could be tempted to talk about the Mauritian culture, it is a fact that this culture is still in evolution and is more of a composition of the different ancestral cultures. Today, businessmen from Chinese, Indian and French origins work together and may be partners, but in holiday times the one flies to Singapore for shopping, the second to Mumbai for a cultural tour and the latter to Courchevel for a getaway form the summer heat.

Mauritians at large seem to be more open-minded than the administrative and religious institutions. Unfortunately, the major political parties drastically suffering from a lack of imagination often use the ready-made recipe of communalism to raise their troops and are greatly responsible for the cultivation of the communal calculation.



Mauritius / Ile Maurice


This gets even more complex for the Mauritians of Indian origin who are further segregated by their social system based on castes. It is a well-established fact that the Mauritian Prime Minister must be not only from Indian origin, but must be Hindu and from one particular caste. Mauritians nonetheless keep hope that this will change with time.

As a result, each religious celebration and each election revives the problem, but in general and depending on the period, the circumstance and the context, there is more or less harmony between the different segments of the Mauritian population and some respect of each other’s differences.

The population of Mauritius can be split into several groups: However, it is difficult to have a clear picture of proportions as the different polls place “Creoles” of African origins, and those of mix ethnics into the single category of “general population.” These two sub groups have very few in common in terms of historical background, culture and social status.

The known figures are thus as follows:
Mauritians of:
- Indian origin (68%)
- Creoles (27%)
- Chinese origin (3%)
- French origin (2 %)

 
RELIGION
^

Hindus: 52%
Christians (mainly Roman Catholics): 28%
Muslims: 17%.
Buddhists and others: 3%.

The Mauritians of Indian origin are mainly Hindus, Tamils and Muslims; most of those of Chinese origin observe two religions, i.e. Christianity and Buddhism, while the rest of the population are Christians (mainly Roman Catholics).

SOCIETY
^

Whatever the statistics are, the influence of the different religions on the politics, society and individuals is striking as Mauritians generally give a lot of importance to certain values such as family, religion and… money.

While Mauritius remains relatively poor, the standard of living has greatly improved in the last 15 years and with this, materialism has unfortunately developed. Those of lower income spend their lives paying back their TV sets, the cars and 4X4’s are the main problem of the average Mauritian and how much did the last holidays cost is the main subject of conversation for the wealthiest.

Mauritius like many other countries has people of very different social and educational backgrounds but the racial and religious differences come in addition to these.

 
THE DO'S & DONT'S
^

The peculiarities described above, bring to the visitor some advantages and disadvantages. Mauritians are generally pacific, polite and to some extent, respectful unless their deepest values are at risk. It is therefore better not to be in the wrong place, at the wrong time, and especially with the wrong attitude. There are things that can be done and others that should be avoided. Here are some tips for a better stay in Mauritius.
 
DRESS CODE
^

Although it is a hot tropical place with beaches all around, Mauritius is first of all a country as a whole with towns, offices, highways and laws. It is therefore advisable not to walk or drive in bathing suits in towns, villages or in buses. This is especially true for women as Mauritian women are very conservative and men not used to see flesh in daylight. This is even truer for remote places where only a few tourists pass by.

In most hotels, walking around in surfer shorts or bathing suits after sunset is simply prohibited. On the beach, Mauritian women at the beach wear bikinis at best if not full dresses. It is therefore unusual to the Mauritian men to see nudity or even topless women lying some meters away. For your own comfort and security it is not advisable to practice integral tanning anywhere in Mauritius, while topless tanning should be avoided on public beaches.

 
SECURITY
^

Mauritius remains a safe place with a low criminality rate, thanks to the general level of education and high employment rates. However, some places are to be avoided especially at night, as the police’s frequent patrols are not sufficient to make all regions 100 % safe. Although generally safe, walking on the streets after hours is not recommended unless in groups; while driving cars scooters or using taxis are perfectly safe anywhere at any time.

If you rent a private bungalow or room, make sure your bag, cameras, travel documents and money are safely locked or hidden and that doors are closed while you are out on the beach or sleeping. The situation is totally different in hotels, which are most safe with trained employees.

 
TAXI DRIVERS
^

Like in all countries, taxi drivers in Mauritius are a phenomenon.

In Mauritius, most taxis have a meter but it is not compulsorily used. Therefore, it is recommended to ask the driver to start the meter if you need them for a short drive. For longer trips, it is essential to discuss the price before embarking. If you are in a hotel, ask for guidance on tariffs at the reception. Taxis are rather expensive for short drives but are worth for all day trips where the driver will take you for a broad sightseeing tour.

Many of the Mauritian taxi drivers have obtained their licence from pure political favours. Mauritius is thus the only country where there are truly fake taxis (particulars having a taxi licence in order to obtain lower customs and tax rates,) and fake true taxis (particulars operating without licence stopping all over the road to pick up passengers.)

Like in many countries, taxi drivers are self-declared tourist guides with good and bad outcomes. The situation in Mauritius seems to be worse as many businesses (restaurants, shops, excursionists) have for sole marketing strategy, the payment of commissions to taxi drivers bringing clients. Of course many taxi drivers (especially those in towns) derive a real pleasure in making visitors discover their country. But most of them will take you to places where they earn the most, without any second thoughts about being responsible for your bad deals. It is therefore recommended not to ask taxi drivers for advice on excursions, restaurants and shops. On the other hand, they are very cooperative when taking you for sight-seeing trips, and they know the island inside-out.

Indicative rates
From Plaisance airport to Curepipe: Rs 1,100 (EMU 30.00)

From Plaisance airport to Port Louis: Rs 1,100 (EMU 30.00)

From Plaisance airport to the North: 1,500 (EMU 40)

From Plaisance airport to Belle Mare and Trou D’eau Douce: Rs 1,500 (EMU 40.00)

From Plaisance airport to Le Morne: Rs 1,100 (EMU 30.00)

 
BEACH HAWKERS
^

Beach hawkers are similar to taxi drivers, as they are very friendly, smiling and… commercial. Most crafted goods they sell are imported and are not representative of the almost inexistent local handicraft. Although their prices may be lower than in the hotel shops, they remain overpriced if not bargained.

Beach hawkers can be a problem if you really want to be quiet, as there are many of them who will sit as close as possible to your girlfriend or wife. There is no need to be charitable; as they all look poor but many have their car parked nearby.

 
CUSTOMS & ILLEGAL SUBSTANCES
^

Customs and immigration is very strict in Mauritius. For an unknown reason, while everything is done abroad to attract tourists, it takes several minutes for an immigration officer to check a passport leaving the impression that visitors are not welcome. It is probably worth mentioning that the case is worse for Mauritian citizens coming back home.

Plants and parts of plants have to be declared at customs and some of them might be forbidden. Sugar cane is one of them. Parts of animals are often prohibited and live animals are subject to a quarantine. It is therefore not worth taking your dog to Mauritius as you will be back home already when it will come out of quarantine.

Drugs are totally prohibited and drug traffickers are liable to maximum imprisonment. Getting caught with cannabis (even for personal consumption) or any other illegal substances may be a serious matter and will surely take you to jail. Although the law provides for possibilities of fast-track trials for visitors, the risk of spending a too long time in jail is high.

 
DRIVING
^

Driving in Mauritius can be a lifetime experience; in fact, walking on the streets as well. Although most roads are in good shape, it is the way the Mauritians drive that makes it a bit scary. First of all, the cars are right hand driven but people drive more towards the middle of the road rather than on the left hand side as the streets are often crowded with pedestrians, dogs, hens etc.

However, several of our visitors do rent cars to drive along and they are absolutely right as in fact, it is just another way of driving, the oriental style, where the one looks determined is given priority. It is thus a question of applying a different driving style consisting of driving at approximately the same speed as others, of using the horn and pass lights without hesitation and expect anything. Buses are especially scary as they drive fast on narrow roads trying hard to overtake the competitor ahead. Riding bikes and bicycles in busy towns and villages can be simply dangerous.

Renting a car in Mauritius remains an advantage as, we repeat, there are plenty of interesting things to see in Mauritius for those who want to see them. Driving not only allows the seeing of magnificent sceneries, but also the catching of quick images (often funny) of Mauritius that reveal in a glimpse, the real life in Mauritius which those who stay in hotels will never be able to see. A car allows one to stop at anytime anywhere just for a picture or for buying something on the street side and start a conversation with a local and learn something. Isn’t that real travelling?

Car rentals in Mauritius may be a bit expensive as cars and spares are subject to high taxes. International car hire companies are of course the safest way to go but a few of the smaller local car rental companies are performing and offer the possibility to save some money while benefiting from an OK to good service. However, we would recommend NOT renting unofficial cars as they are often in really bad shape and one may face severe troubles in case of accident. Registered cars for hire bear yellow number plates.
 
BEACHES
^

There is a polemical issue on the so-called private beaches. Most of the beaches of Mauritius are found in front of private residences or hotels, leaving very little room to the declared public beaches.


The law is clear for one thing: all beaches are open to those walking by. However, beaches found in front of hotels and villas cannot be used by anyone wanting to spend the day and it is of course prohibited to use the garden or beach furniture. For the rest, it's just a question of how to interpret the law and of mutual respect.

We therefore advise to make sure that your hotel or residence has a beach, or if you cannot afford one, you may casually and quietly use the beaches in front of residences on weekdays when the owners are not using them and please keep it as tidy as you found it.


We hope that this short guide will help or has helped you during your stay in Mauritius. Please do not hesitate to write to us for further information or if you find that the descriptions above are incomplete or untrue. You may also ask to include your message in here.


Updated July 2006.



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